Mount Agassiz is a great introduction to Uintas peak climbing and it makes a good day hike since it's so accessible.
Begin by following the well-used Highline Trail. While there are other routes to the top, perhaps the easiest and most obvious is the long ridge extending south from the peak. Midway along the ridge is a minor peak, elevation 11,641.
Walk 3.5 to 4 miles along the Highline Trail. You'll notice the trail top out on a rise before beginning an apparent slight descent. This rise is just after a series of built-in "steps" the trail crew has constructed. At this point you should be directly across from the ridge, so just take off cross country and begin climbing.
It's very steep at the beginning, but there's vegetation so it's not too loose. Once you've climbed 600 or so feet it's much less steep, and after the minor peak, almost flat in places. Enjoy the views!